Do dry eye symptoms peak in winter? Although this may sound a little skeptical, emerging research seems to suggest a seasonal pattern in dry eye symptoms. In the U.S., the highest prevalence of dry eye was seen in winter and spring. [1] Similarly, in five different European countries, patients with dry eye symptoms noted that their symptoms worsened in winter thanks to the cold weather. [2]
While the specific data to support a similar trend in Canada may be limited, we know that we can endure some pretty cold weather throughout our winter season.
It is All About Relative Humidity
Dry eye is caused by various factors. Often there may be associations with causes such as aging, prolonged contact lens wear, and extensive screen use. [3] What may be slightly underreported is the impact of the surrounding environment.
During winter, both outdoor and indoor air tend to hold less moisture, forming a dry environment that can compromise the tear film. The low relative humidity in cold weather accelerates tear evaporation and leaves the eyes vulnerable to dryness.
In fact, studies show a link between low relative humidity and its adverse effects on our eyes. Upon exposure to a desiccating environment with low relative humidity for an hour, healthy eyes showed symptoms that mirrored those of dry eyes. [4] Populations in low relative humidity areas are also reported to have a higher prevalence of dry eye disease, compared to those in humid regions. [5]
To further amplify the issue, heated indoor environments, while being cozy, may contribute to dry eye symptoms. Similar to the cold air, heated air lowers the humidity. These changes are sensed by the eyes, and even before we realize, the eyes start to become dry. This may be particularly pronounced in those already predisposed to dry eye.
How Dry Eye Affects Us
Here are some of the common dry eye symptoms that may develop [6]:
Dryness
Irritation
Foreign body sensation
Watery eyes
Blurred vision (severe cases)
At a glance, the symptoms may present as mild. But dry eye is progressive—what started as mild-to-moderate may turn out to be more than just an inconvenience.
The impact of dry eye extends beyond the symptoms themselves. Having dry eye symptoms can increase the likelihood of experiencing discomfort while reading, computer use, watching TV, and driving. [7] At work, up to 70% of dry eye patients experience some limitation of daily activity. [8] In winter, enjoying sports and activities like skiing, snowboarding, skating, and outdoor hockey may be interrupted by dry eye symptoms.
Simple Adjustments to Relieve Dry Eye in Winter
Dry eye symptoms have potential downsides, but could they be reduced with simple adjustments?
At home or indoors, several strategies may come in handy:
Using a humidifier may help improve relative humidity, alleviating some of the discomfort caused by dry eye symptoms
Warm compresses on closed eyes throughout any time of the day is another great way for dry eye relief
While these first-line treatments have potential effects, there are times they fall short or when we inevitably need to be in dry environments. In such situations, lubricating eye drops like HYLO GEL® mini and HYLO GEL® are recommended by many health professionals. HYLO GEL® mini and HYLO GEL® are available in two different pack sizes. HYLO GEL® mini, a starter pack size, comes in 150 drops to start STRONG, and HYLO GEL®, a value pack size, provides 300 drops for long-term use.
What’s great about HYLO GEL® mini and HYLO GEL®? Both contain a high concentration (2mg/mL) of high-quality Sodium Hyaluronate—strong, long-lasting lubrication to relieve dry eye symptoms. Preservative-free HYLO GEL® mini and HYLO GEL® come in the unique and innovative HYLO® bottle: an airless, multi-dose delivery system. Thanks to the HYLO® bottle, sterile drops are dispensed one at a time. After first use, HYLO GEL® mini and HYLO GEL® can be used for 6 months.
When winter gives dry eye symptoms, consider using HYLO GEL® / HYLO GEL® mini. Find them at selected optometry and ophthalmology clinics and at pharmacies behind the counter!
Should you have any concerns about your health or eye health, please consult with your health professional for medical assistance.
CandorVision™ – Your eyes are everything!
References
Kumar N, Feuer W, Lanza NL, Galor A. Seasonal Variation in Dry Eye. Ophthalmology. 2015 Aug;122(8):1727-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID: 25912217; PMCID: PMC4757523.
van Setten G, Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Rolando M. Evidence of seasonality and effects of psychrometry in dry eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 Aug;94(5):499-506. doi: 10.1111/aos.12985. Epub 2016 Apr 23. PMID: 27105776.
Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, Caffery B, Dua HS, Joo CK, Liu Z, Nelson JD, Nichols JJ, Tsubota K, Stapleton F. TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report. Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Jul 20. PMID: 28736335.
Abusharha AA, Pearce EI. The effect of low humidity on the human tear film. Cornea. 2013 Apr;32(4):429-34. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31826671ab. PMID: 23023409.
Martin R; EMO Research Group. Symptoms of dry eye related to the relative humidity of living places. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2023 Aug;46(4):101865. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2023.101865. Epub 2023 May 17. PMID: 37208284.
Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, Caffery B, Dua HS, Joo CK, Liu Z, Nelson JD, Nichols JJ, Tsubota K, Stapleton F. TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report. Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Jul 20. PMID: 28736335.
Uchino M, Schaumberg DA. Dry Eye Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Vision. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 2013 Jun;1(2):51-57. doi: 10.1007/s40135-013-0009-1. PMID: 23710423; PMCID: PMC3660735.
van Tilborg MM, Murphy PJ, Evans KS. Impact of Dry Eye Symptoms and Daily Activities in a Modern Office. Optom Vis Sci. 2017 Jun;94(6):688-693. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001086. PMID: 28538336.
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